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Bile salts of vertebrates: structural variation and possible evolutionary significance[S]

Identifieur interne : 000254 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000253; suivant : 000255

Bile salts of vertebrates: structural variation and possible evolutionary significance[S]

Auteurs : Alan F. Hofmann ; Lee R. Hagey ; Matthew D. Krasowski [États-Unis]

Source :

Journal of Lipid Research [ 0022-2275 ] ; 2010.

RBID : PMC:2803226

Abstract

Biliary bile salt composition of 677 vertebrate species (103 fish, 130 reptiles, 271 birds, 173 mammals) was determined. Bile salts were of three types: C₂₇ bile alcohols, C₂₇ bile acids, or C₂₄ bile acids, with default hydroxylation at C-3 and C-7. C₂₇ bile alcohols dominated in early evolving fish and amphibians; C₂₇ bile acids, in reptiles and early evolving birds. C₂₄ bile acids were present in all vertebrate classes, often with C₂₇ alcohols or with C₂₇ acids, indicating two evolutionary pathways from C₂₇ bile alcohols to C₂₄ bile acids: a) a ‘direct’ pathway and b) an ‘indirect’ pathway with C₂₇ bile acids as intermediates. Hydroxylation at C-12 occurred in all orders and at C-16 in snakes and birds. Minor hydroxylation sites were C-1, C-2, C-5, C-6, and C-15. Side chain hydroxylation in C₂₇ bile salts occurred at C-22, C-24, C-25, and C-26, and in C₂₄ bile acids, at C-23 (snakes, birds, and pinnipeds). Unexpected was the presence of C₂₇ bile alcohols in four early evolving mammals. Bile salt composition showed significant variation between orders but not between families, genera, or species. Bile salt composition is a biochemical trait providing clues to evolutionary relationships, complementing anatomical and genetic analyses.

Url:

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2803226

DOI: 10.1194/jlr.R000042
PubMed: 19638645
PubMed Central: 2803226

Affiliations:

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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Biliary bile salt composition of 677 vertebrate species (103 fish, 130 reptiles, 271 birds, 173 mammals) was determined. Bile salts were of three types: C<sub>27</sub>
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 acids, indicating two evolutionary pathways from C<sub>27</sub>
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 bile salts occurred at C-22, C-24, C-25, and C-26, and in C<sub>24</sub>
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Bile salts of vertebrates: structural variation and possible evolutionary significance[S]

Bile salts of vertebrates: structural variation and possible evolutionary significance[S]

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